连词(Conjunctions)是连接从句、句子、短语或单词的词。它们是将英语句子组合在一起的"胶水",对于构建复杂、有意义的表达至关重要。连词主要有三种类型:并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)、从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)和关联连词(correlative conjunctions)。理解每种类型的工作方式将帮助你写出更流畅、结构更好的英语。
如何用连词构造句子
并列连词(FANBOYS)
并列连词连接两个平等的或独立的元素——两个词、两个短语或两个独立从句。七个并列连词可以用首字母缩写 FANBOYS 来记忆。
| 字母 | 连词 | 功能 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| F | for | 原因 | She stayed home, for she was feeling ill.(她待在家里,因为她感觉不舒服。) |
| A | and | 添加 | I bought apples and oranges.(我买了苹果和橙子。) |
| N | nor | 否定添加 | He doesn't sing, nor does he dance.(他不唱歌,也不跳舞。) |
| B | but | 对比 | She is small but strong.(她个子小但很强壮。) |
| O | or | 选择 | Would you like tea or coffee?(你想喝茶还是咖啡?) |
| Y | yet | 转折/意外 | It was raining, yet they went hiking.(下着雨,但他们还是去远足了。) |
| S | so | 结果 | I was tired, so I went to bed early.(我累了,所以早早上床了。) |
公式: 独立从句 + , + FANBOYS + 独立从句
重要的标点规则: 用并列连词连接两个独立从句时,在连词前面加逗号。
从属连词
从属连词将一个从属(依附)从句连接到一个独立从句。从属从句不能独立成为一个完整的句子。
| 类别 | 连词 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 时间 | after, before, when, while, until, since, as soon as | I will call you when I arrive.(我到了就给你打电话。) |
| 原因 | because, since, as, now that | She succeeded because she worked hard.(她成功了因为她努力工作。) |
| 条件 | if, unless, provided that, as long as, in case | You can go if you finish your homework.(如果你做完作业就可以走。) |
| 对比 | although, though, even though, while, whereas | Although it was cold, we went swimming.(尽管天冷,我们还是去游泳了。) |
| 目的 | so that, in order that | She studied hard so that she could pass.(她努力学习以便能及格。) |
| 结果 | so...that, such...that | It was so hot that we stayed indoors.(天太热了,我们待在了室内。) |
| 方式 | as, as if, as though | He behaves as if he owns the place.(他表现得好像这地方是他的。) |
公式: 独立从句 + 从属连词 + 从属从句 或者: 从属连词 + 从属从句 , + 独立从句
标点规则: 当从属从句在前面时,用逗号。当它在后面时,通常不需要逗号。
关联连词
关联连词成对使用,连接语法上对等的元素。
| 连词对 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| both...and(既……又) | She speaks both English and French.(她既说英语又说法语。) |
| either...or(要么……要么) | You can either call me or send an email.(你可以给我打电话或者发邮件。) |
| neither...nor(既不……也不) | He is neither tall nor short.(他既不高也不矮。) |
| not only...but also(不仅……而且) | She is not only intelligent but also kind.(她不仅聪明而且善良。) |
| whether...or(无论……还是) | I don't know whether to laugh or cry.(我不知道该笑还是该哭。) |
公式: 第一个连词 + 元素A + 第二个连词 + 元素B
何时使用每种连词
使用并列连词的情况:
- 连接两个同等重要的完整独立想法
- 连接列表中的词或短语
- 在对等项之间表示简单的添加、对比、原因或结果
I enjoy reading, and my sister enjoys painting.(我喜欢阅读,我妹妹喜欢画画。) The restaurant was expensive but worth every penny.(这家餐厅很贵,但物有所值。)
使用从属连词的情况:
- 一个想法依赖于另一个或不如另一个重要
- 在主要想法和辅助想法之间表示时间关系、原因、条件或对比
Because the roads were icy, several accidents occurred.(因为路面结冰,发生了几起事故。) I will not leave until you give me an answer.(在你给我答复之前我不会走。)
使用关联连词的情况:
- 强调两个平行元素之间的关系
- 以均衡的结构呈现选择、添加或否定
Neither the manager nor the employees were aware of the problem.(经理和员工都不知道这个问题。) Not only did she apologize, but she also offered to fix the mistake.(她不仅道了歉,还主动修复了错误。)
常见错误
| 错误 | 正确 | 解释 |
|---|---|---|
| Although she was tired, but she kept working. | Although she was tired, she kept working. | "although" 后面不能再用 "but"——一个连词就够了。 |
| Because of she was late. | Because she was late, she missed the bus. | "because" 引导从句,不能单独成句。 |
| Neither the cat or the dog was inside. | Neither the cat nor the dog was inside. | "neither" 搭配 "nor",不搭配 "or"。 |
| He plays both soccer but also tennis. | He plays both soccer and tennis. | "both" 搭配 "and",不搭配 "but also"。 |
| She was tired, she went to bed. | She was tired, so she went to bed. | 两个独立从句需要连词(或分号),不能只用逗号。 |
中文对比提示: 中文中"虽然……但是"可以同时使用,但英语中 "although" 和 "but" 不能同时出现在同一个句子中。这是中国英语学习者最常犯的错误之一。
练习例句
- She wanted to go to the party, but she had to study for her exam.(她想去参加派对,但她必须准备考试。)
- Although the instructions were clear, several students made errors.(尽管说明很清楚,几个学生还是犯了错误。)
- You should take an umbrella in case it rains later.(你应该带把伞以防待会下雨。)
- Not only did he finish first, but he also broke the previous record.(他不仅第一个完成,还打破了之前的纪录。)
- I had breakfast before I left the house this morning.(今天早上离家前我吃了早餐。)
- Neither the teacher nor the students could solve the puzzle.(老师和学生都解不开这个谜题。)
- The concert was canceled, so we went to a movie instead.(音乐会取消了,所以我们改去看了电影。)
- She whispered so that no one else could hear her secret.(她低声说话以便没有其他人能听到她的秘密。)
快速参考
- 并列连词(FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — 连接对等元素。连接两个独立从句时,在连词前加逗号。
- 从属连词: because, although, if, when, while, until 等 — 将从属从句连接到独立从句。从属从句在前时,后面加逗号。
- 关联连词: both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also — 成对使用,连接平行结构。
- 绝不要在同一句中同时使用 "although/though" 和 "but"。
- "Neither" 一定搭配 "nor";"either" 一定搭配 "or";"both" 一定搭配 "and"。
- 避免逗号拼接错误:两个独立从句之间一定要用连词(或分号)。
连词是流利英语的基本构建块。通过为每种情况选择正确的连词类型,你可以创造出清晰、连贯、易于理解的句子。

