英语连词:并列连词、从属连词与关联连词

2025/06/01

连词(Conjunctions)是连接从句、句子、短语或单词的词。它们是将英语句子组合在一起的"胶水",对于构建复杂、有意义的表达至关重要。连词主要有三种类型:并列连词(coordinating conjunctions)、从属连词(subordinating conjunctions)和关联连词(correlative conjunctions)。理解每种类型的工作方式将帮助你写出更流畅、结构更好的英语。

如何用连词构造句子

并列连词(FANBOYS)

并列连词连接两个平等的独立的元素——两个词、两个短语或两个独立从句。七个并列连词可以用首字母缩写 FANBOYS 来记忆。

字母连词功能例句
Ffor原因She stayed home, for she was feeling ill.(她待在家里,因为她感觉不舒服。)
Aand添加I bought apples and oranges.(我买了苹果和橙子。)
Nnor否定添加He doesn't sing, nor does he dance.(他不唱歌,也不跳舞。)
Bbut对比She is small but strong.(她个子小但很强壮。)
Oor选择Would you like tea or coffee?(你想喝茶还是咖啡?)
Yyet转折/意外It was raining, yet they went hiking.(下着雨,但他们还是去远足了。)
Sso结果I was tired, so I went to bed early.(我累了,所以早早上床了。)

公式: 独立从句 + , + FANBOYS + 独立从句

重要的标点规则: 用并列连词连接两个独立从句时,在连词前面加逗号。

从属连词

从属连词将一个从属(依附)从句连接到一个独立从句。从属从句不能独立成为一个完整的句子。

类别连词例句
时间after, before, when, while, until, since, as soon asI will call you when I arrive.(我到了就给你打电话。)
原因because, since, as, now thatShe succeeded because she worked hard.(她成功了因为她努力工作。)
条件if, unless, provided that, as long as, in caseYou can go if you finish your homework.(如果你做完作业就可以走。)
对比although, though, even though, while, whereasAlthough it was cold, we went swimming.(尽管天冷,我们还是去游泳了。)
目的so that, in order thatShe studied hard so that she could pass.(她努力学习以便能及格。)
结果so...that, such...thatIt was so hot that we stayed indoors.(天太热了,我们待在了室内。)
方式as, as if, as thoughHe behaves as if he owns the place.(他表现得好像这地方是他的。)

公式: 独立从句 + 从属连词 + 从属从句 或者: 从属连词 + 从属从句 , + 独立从句

标点规则: 当从属从句在前面时,用逗号。当它在后面时,通常不需要逗号。

关联连词

关联连词成对使用,连接语法上对等的元素。

连词对例句
both...and(既……又)She speaks both English and French.(她既说英语又说法语。)
either...or(要么……要么)You can either call me or send an email.(你可以给我打电话或者发邮件。)
neither...nor(既不……也不)He is neither tall nor short.(他既不高也不矮。)
not only...but also(不仅……而且)She is not only intelligent but also kind.(她不仅聪明而且善良。)
whether...or(无论……还是)I don't know whether to laugh or cry.(我不知道该笑还是该哭。)

公式: 第一个连词 + 元素A + 第二个连词 + 元素B

何时使用每种连词

使用并列连词的情况:

  • 连接两个同等重要的完整独立想法
  • 连接列表中的词或短语
  • 在对等项之间表示简单的添加、对比、原因或结果

I enjoy reading, and my sister enjoys painting.(我喜欢阅读,我妹妹喜欢画画。) The restaurant was expensive but worth every penny.(这家餐厅很贵,但物有所值。)

使用从属连词的情况:

  • 一个想法依赖于另一个或不如另一个重要
  • 在主要想法和辅助想法之间表示时间关系、原因、条件或对比

Because the roads were icy, several accidents occurred.(因为路面结冰,发生了几起事故。) I will not leave until you give me an answer.(在你给我答复之前我不会走。)

使用关联连词的情况:

  • 强调两个平行元素之间的关系
  • 以均衡的结构呈现选择、添加或否定

Neither the manager nor the employees were aware of the problem.(经理和员工都不知道这个问题。) Not only did she apologize, but she also offered to fix the mistake.(她不仅道了歉,还主动修复了错误。)

常见错误

错误正确解释
Although she was tired, but she kept working.Although she was tired, she kept working."although" 后面不能再用 "but"——一个连词就够了。
Because of she was late.Because she was late, she missed the bus."because" 引导从句,不能单独成句。
Neither the cat or the dog was inside.Neither the cat nor the dog was inside."neither" 搭配 "nor",不搭配 "or"。
He plays both soccer but also tennis.He plays both soccer and tennis."both" 搭配 "and",不搭配 "but also"。
She was tired, she went to bed.She was tired, so she went to bed.两个独立从句需要连词(或分号),不能只用逗号。

中文对比提示: 中文中"虽然……但是"可以同时使用,但英语中 "although" 和 "but" 不能同时出现在同一个句子中。这是中国英语学习者最常犯的错误之一。

练习例句

  1. She wanted to go to the party, but she had to study for her exam.(她想去参加派对,但她必须准备考试。)
  2. Although the instructions were clear, several students made errors.(尽管说明很清楚,几个学生还是犯了错误。)
  3. You should take an umbrella in case it rains later.(你应该带把伞以防待会下雨。)
  4. Not only did he finish first, but he also broke the previous record.(他不仅第一个完成,还打破了之前的纪录。)
  5. I had breakfast before I left the house this morning.(今天早上离家前我吃了早餐。)
  6. Neither the teacher nor the students could solve the puzzle.(老师和学生都解不开这个谜题。)
  7. The concert was canceled, so we went to a movie instead.(音乐会取消了,所以我们改去看了电影。)
  8. She whispered so that no one else could hear her secret.(她低声说话以便没有其他人能听到她的秘密。)

快速参考

  • 并列连词(FANBOYS): for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so — 连接对等元素。连接两个独立从句时,在连词前加逗号。
  • 从属连词: because, although, if, when, while, until 等 — 将从属从句连接到独立从句。从属从句在前时,后面加逗号。
  • 关联连词: both...and, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also — 成对使用,连接平行结构。
  • 绝不要在同一句中同时使用 "although/though" 和 "but"。
  • "Neither" 一定搭配 "nor";"either" 一定搭配 "or";"both" 一定搭配 "and"。
  • 避免逗号拼接错误:两个独立从句之间一定要用连词(或分号)。

连词是流利英语的基本构建块。通过为每种情况选择正确的连词类型,你可以创造出清晰、连贯、易于理解的句子。

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