比较级和最高级是形容词和副词的变化形式,用于比较事物。比较级比较两个事物:This book is longer than that one.(这本书比那本长。)最高级将一个事物与三个或更多事物进行比较:This is the longest book I have ever read.(这是我读过的最长的书。)这些形式在日常英语中非常重要,因为我们不断地在比较人、地方、物品和经历。
无论你是在购物、描述某人、发表意见还是做决定,都需要用到比较级和最高级。它们的构成规则取决于形容词的长度,还有一些重要的不规则形式需要记忆。
构成方式与结构
比较级和最高级的构成方式取决于形容词有多少个音节。
短形容词(1个音节)
| 形容词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| tall | taller | the tallest |
| fast | faster | the fastest |
| cheap | cheaper | the cheapest |
| old | older | the oldest |
拼写规则:
- 以 -e 结尾的,只加 -r / -st:large → larger → the largest
- 以辅音+元音+辅音结尾的,双写末尾辅音:big → bigger → the biggest;hot → hotter → the hottest
- 以 -y 结尾的(辅音后),把 -y 变为 -i,再加 -er / -est:happy → happier → the happiest
长形容词(2个及以上音节)
| 形容词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| beautiful | more beautiful | the most beautiful |
| expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
| interesting | more interesting | the most interesting |
规则: 对于两个或更多音节的形容词(以 -y 结尾的除外),比较级用 "more",最高级用 "the most"。
以 -y 结尾的双音节形容词
这类词遵循短形容词的规则:
| 形容词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| happy | happier | the happiest |
| easy | easier | the easiest |
| busy | busier | the busiest |
不规则形式
一些最常用的形容词有完全不规则的比较级和最高级形式,必须记住:
| 形容词 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
|---|---|---|
| good(好的) | better | the best |
| bad(坏的) | worse | the worst |
| far(远的) | farther/further | the farthest/furthest |
| little(少的) | less | the least |
| much/many(多的) | more | the most |
使用规则详解
比较级 — 比较两个事物
比较两个人、地方或事物时使用比较级。比较级后面通常跟 "than":
- Tokyo is bigger than Osaka.(东京比大阪大。)
- This hotel is more expensive than the one we stayed at last year.(这家酒店比我们去年住的那家贵。)
- She runs faster than her brother.(她跑得比她哥哥快。)
比较是隐含的时候,也可以不用 "than":
- Can you speak louder?(你能说大声一点吗?——比你现在说话的声音大。)
- I need a bigger bag.(我需要一个更大的包。——比这个大。)
最高级 — 比较三个或更多
将一个事物与群体中的所有其他事物进行比较时使用最高级。最高级前面一定要加 "the":
- Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.(珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。)
- She is the most talented singer in our school.(她是我们学校最有才华的歌手。)
- That was the worst movie I have ever seen.(那是我看过的最差的电影。)
其他比较结构
As...as(表示相同程度):
- She is as tall as her mother.(她和她妈妈一样高。)
- This test is not as difficult as the last one.(这次考试没有上次难。)
Less...than(表示程度较低):
- This book is less interesting than that one.(这本书没有那本有趣。)
常见错误
| 错误 | 正确 | 解释 |
|---|---|---|
| She is more taller than me. | She is taller than me. | 不要 "more" 和 "-er" 同时使用。 |
| He is the most fastest runner. | He is the fastest runner. | 不要 "most" 和 "-est" 同时使用。 |
| This is more better. | This is better. | "good" 是不规则的,不能在 "better" 前加 "more"。 |
| She is the beautifulest girl. | She is the most beautiful girl. | 长形容词用 "most",不加 "-est"。 |
| Tokyo is biggest city in Japan. | Tokyo is the biggest city in Japan. | 最高级前一定要加 "the"。 |
| He is taller then me. | He is taller than me. | "than" 用于比较;"then" 表示"然后"。 |
练习例句
用正确的比较级或最高级形式填空:
- The Nile is _____ (long) river in Africa. — the longest
- Summer is _____ (hot) than spring. — hotter
- This is _____ (good) pizza I have ever tasted. — the best
- Learning to drive is _____ (difficult) than I expected. — more difficult
- He is _____ (funny) person in our class. — the funniest
- My new apartment is _____ (small) than my old one, but it is _____ (comfortable). — smaller, more comfortable
- That was _____ (bad) experience of my life. — the worst
- Is English _____ (easy) than German? — easier
快速参考
- 单音节形容词: 加 -er(比较级)和 -est(最高级):tall → taller → the tallest。
- 以 -y 结尾的双音节形容词: 变 -y 为 -ier / -iest:happy → happier → the happiest。
- 两个或更多音节的形容词: 用 more / the most:beautiful → more beautiful → the most beautiful。
- 不规则形式: good → better → the best; bad → worse → the worst; far → farther → the farthest。
- 比较级后面一定用 "than",最高级前面一定加 "the"。
- 绝不要把 "more" 和 "-er" 或 "most" 和 "-est" 同时使用。
- 以辅音+元音+辅音结尾的短形容词要双写末尾辅音:big → bigger → the biggest。
- 用 as...as 表示相同程度:She is as smart as her sister.
比较级和最高级几乎在每次英语对话中都会用到。用不同的形容词练习正确构成它们,并特别注意不规则形式——它们是英语中最常用的词之一。

