强调句:It is...that / What...is 详解

2025/06/01

强调句(Cleft sentences,也叫分裂句)是一种强大的语法工具,用于强调句子中的某个特定部分。"Cleft" 的意思是"分裂",这正是这些结构所做的——它们将一个简单的句子分成两个从句,以引起对某个特定元素的注意。强调句在口语和书面英语中被广泛使用,用于突出新信息、纠正误解或创造对比。掌握它们会让你的英语听起来更自然、更有说服力。

强调句的构成方式

有两种主要类型:it-分裂句wh-分裂句(也叫伪分裂句)。

It-分裂句结构

It-分裂句以 "It" + be 动词的某种形式 + 被强调的元素 + 关系从句开头。

公式: It + is/was + 被强调的元素 + that/who + 句子的其余部分

原始句子It-分裂句(强调不同部分)
John broke the window yesterday.It was John who broke the window yesterday.(强调约翰)
John broke the window yesterday.It was the window that John broke yesterday.(强调窗户)
John broke the window yesterday.It was yesterday that John broke the window.(强调时间)

Wh-分裂句(伪分裂句)结构

Wh-分裂句以 wh-词(通常是 "what")+ 从句 + "is/was" + 被强调的元素开头。

公式: What + 主语 + 动词 + is/was + 被强调的元素

原始句子Wh-分裂句
I need more time.What I need is more time.(我需要的是更多时间。)
She loves his honesty.What she loves is his honesty.(她喜欢的是他的诚实。)
The noise bothers me.What bothers me is the noise.(困扰我的是噪音。)

反向 Wh-分裂句

你也可以反转 wh-分裂句以增加变化。

公式: 被强调的元素 + is/was + what + 主语 + 动词

More time is what I need.(更多时间是我需要的。) His honesty is what she loves.(他的诚实是她喜欢的。)

何时使用强调句

1. 强调主语(谁做的)

当你想清楚表明究竟是谁执行了某个动作时:

It was Maria who organized the entire event, not David.(是玛丽亚组织了整个活动,不是大卫。) It is the government that must take responsibility.(必须承担责任的是政府。)

2. 强调宾语(什么被影响了)

It was the final exam that made her so anxious.(让她如此焦虑的是期末考试。) What they destroyed was an irreplaceable piece of history.(他们毁掉的是一件不可替代的历史文物。)

3. 强调时间或地点

It was in 1969 that humans first walked on the moon.(人类第一次登月是在1969年。) It was at the airport that I realized I had forgotten my passport.(我是在机场才发现忘带护照了。)

4. 强调原因

It was because of the rain that the game was canceled.(比赛被取消是因为下雨。) What caused the delay was a technical malfunction.(造成延迟的是技术故障。)

5. 纠正误解或创造对比

强调句非常适合纠正错误的假设:

A: "Did Tom call you?"(是汤姆给你打的电话吗?) B: "No, it was Sarah who called me."(不,是莎拉给我打的电话。)

A: "You need a new computer."(你需要一台新电脑。) B: "Actually, what I need is more storage, not a new computer."(实际上,我需要的是更多存储空间,不是新电脑。)

6. 使用 "All" 和 "The thing" 进行强调

这些非正式变体在日常英语中很常见:

All I want is a quiet evening at home.(我想要的只是在家安静地度过一个晚上。) The thing that surprised me most was her calm reaction.(最让我惊讶的是她冷静的反应。) All you need to do is sign this form.(你需要做的只是签这份表格。)

常见错误

错误正确解释
It was him which broke the window.It was him who/that broke the window.人用 "who" 或 "that",不用 "which"。
What I need are more time.What I need is more time.动词与 "what" 一致,通常用单数。
It is because he is lazy why he failed.It is because he is lazy that he failed.It-分裂句中用 "that",不用 "why"。
What do I need is your help.What I need is your help.Wh-分裂句用陈述语序,不用疑问语序。
It was in Monday that we met.It was on Monday that we met.强调句中介词选择不变。

练习例句

  1. It was the CEO who made the final decision about the merger.(做出关于合并最终决定的是CEO。)
  2. What impressed me most was her ability to stay calm under pressure.(最让我印象深刻的是她在压力下保持冷静的能力。)
  3. It was not until midnight that they finally reached an agreement.(直到午夜他们才最终达成协议。)
  4. All we can do now is wait for the test results.(我们现在能做的只是等待测试结果。)
  5. It is your attitude, not your aptitude, that determines your altitude.(决定你高度的是你的态度,而不是你的能力。)
  6. What makes this restaurant special is the fresh, locally sourced ingredients.(让这家餐厅特别的是新鲜的本地食材。)
  7. It was during the summer of 2019 that I first visited Japan.(我第一次去日本是在2019年夏天。)
  8. The reason I called is that I wanted to check on you.(我打电话的原因是想看看你怎么样。)

快速参考

  • It-分裂句: It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其余部分。
  • Wh-分裂句: What + 从句 + is/was + 被强调部分。
  • 在 it-分裂句中,人用 who/that,物用 that/which
  • Wh-分裂句使用陈述语序(不是疑问语序)。
  • 强调句非常适合强调、对比和纠正误解。
  • 非正式变体包括 "All I want is..." 和 "The thing that... is..."。
  • "what" 后面的动词通常用单数("What I need is...")。

强调句让你精确控制听者或读者关注的焦点。通过练习 it-分裂句和 wh-分裂句,你将培养出更有表现力和更细致的英语表达能力。

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